Secondary Products

• Figurines of characters
• Video games
• Mobile Games
• “Become a Avatar”
• Books
• Postal stamps
• “Visit Pandora” via webcam
• News feed on computer

Tie Ins

• Empire Cinema magazines
• Coca-Cola
• McDonalds
• LG phones and TV’s

Marketing

• “Avatar Day”
• Well Known director

Development

Development on Avatar began in 1994, when Cameron wrote an 80-page scriptment for the film. Filming was supposed to take place after the completion of Cameron’s 1997 film Titanic, for a planned release in 1999, but according to Cameron, the necessary technology was not yet available to achieve his vision of the film. Work on the language for the film’s extraterrestrial beings began in summer 2005, and Cameron began developing the screenplay and fictional universe in early 2006.

From January to April 2006, Cameron worked on the script and developed a culture for the film’s aliens, the Na’vi. Their language was created by Dr. Paul Frommer, a linguist.

From 2005 to 2007, Cameron worked with a handful of designers, including famed fantasy illustrator Wayne Barlowe and renowned concept artist Jordu Schell, to shape the design of the Na’vi with paintings and physical sculptures when Cameron felt that 3D brush renderings weren’t capturing his vision.

Principal photography for Avatar began in April 2007 in Los Angeles and Wellington, New Zealand.

The director planned to make use of photorealistic computer-generated characters, created using new motion-capture animation technologies he had been developing in the 14 months leading up to December 2006.

Thelma and Louise – Whilst on a short weekend getaway, Louise shoots a man who had tried to rape Thelma, They decide to go to Mexico, but soon they are hunted by American police.

Changeling – A grief-stricken mother takes on the LAPD to her own detriment when it stubbornly tries to pass off an obvious impostor as her missing child, while also refusing to give up hope that she will find him one day

Alien – The planet from Alien (1979) has been colonized, but contact is lost. This time, the rescue team has impressive firepower, enough?

Lara Croft – Tomb Raider – Video game adventurer Lara Croft comes to life in a movie where she races against time and villains to recover powerful ancient artifacts

The Women – A wealthy New Yorker leaves her cheating husband and bonds with other society women at a resort

5 most powerful women in Hollywood

Sherry Lansing, who became the Paramount Pictures first female chairman in 1992

Kathryn Biggolow – who this year became the first women director ever to win a Oscar for her film The Hurt Locker based on the War in Iraq

Angelina Jolie – who throughout her career has been typecast into films with a strong independent women role which could be seen as to reflect her life of camera.

Adventure – The Lord of the Rings

Animation – Up

Biography – The Pianist

Comedy – Monty Python and the Holy Grail

Crime – The Shawshank Redemption

Family – Marley & Me

Fantasy – Star Wars

Horror – The Ring

Romance – The Notebook

Sci-Fi – Star Trek

Sport – Happy Gilmour

War – Boy in the Striped Pyjamas

Western – The Good, the bad and the ugly

Each film genre has it’s conventions that you will find in the majority of the films. For example horror films will usually have a dark mise-en-scene because the purpose of the film is to scare the audience. Film formats also differ, for example an animated film is most probably aimed at young children whereas a war film would be very unsuitable for them.

The major film studios/industries around the world this is how they differ:

Time Warner (New Line Cinema, HBO Films, Warner Independant Pictures) Primary Audience: 16+

News Corporation (20th Century Fox, Fox Searchlight Pictures) Primary Audience: 14+

Viacom (Paramount Pictures, MTV Films, Nickelodeon Movies) Primary Audience: Varies between companies; range from 8+ onwards

Sony ( Sony Pictures Animation, Destination Films, Stage 6 Films) Primary Audience: ranges from young children upwards

The Walt Disney Company (Pixar Animation Studios, Walt Disney Animation Studios, Hollywood Pictures, ImageMovers Digital, Disneynature) Primary Audience: young children

General Electric/ Vivendi SA (Universal Animation Studios, Illumination Entertainment) Primary Audience: young children onwards

These film studios differ because they are trying to appeal to different audiences with their different companies. Disney is well known for it’s animations which are aimed at young children whereas New Line Cinema under the Time Warner corporation produces films for older audiences with many horror franchises such as Friday the 13th and Nightmare On Elm Street.

Techniques used to target specific audiences are different promotional techniques to make the specific audience aware of a film. To target a young audience promotional offers are used such as toys at fast food restaurants relating to the film and given away with magazines. This is successful because the children are drawn in by the toys which they will then realise relate to a film that they could see.

Older audiences are targeted using trailers which are shown on TV. If the trailer is unsuitable for a younger audience it will be shown in the evening and at night when the target audience are most likely to see it. This is successful because the audience is drawn in by the things they see in the trailer and they then want to watch the film to see what else happens

In the early days of the industry, it was more common for a single person to manage all of the roles needed to create a video game. As platforms have become more complex and powerful in the type of material they can present, larger teams have been needed to generate all of the art, programming, cinematography, and more. This is not to say that the age of the “one-man shop” is gone, as this is still sometimes found in the casual gaming and handheld markets,^[24] where smaller games are prevalent due to technical limitations such as limited RAM or lack of dedicated 3D graphics rendering capabilities on the target platform (e.g., some cellphones and PDAs)

With the growth of the size of development teams in the industry, the problem of cost has increased. Development studios need to be able to pay their staff a competitive wage in order to attract and retain the best talent, while publishers are constantly looking to keep costs down in order to maintain profitability on their investment. Typically, a video game console development team can range in sizes of anywhere from 5 to 50 people, with some teams exceeding 100. In May 2009, one game project was reported to have a development staff of 450. The growth of team size combined with greater pressure to get completed projects into the market to begin recouping production costs has led to a greater occurrence of missed deadlines and unfinished products; Duke Nukem Forever is the quintessential example of these problem.

1980s

In the mid 1980s the industry crashed due to the production of too many badly developed games (quantity over quality), resulting in the fall of the North American industry and giving rise to the Japanese industry, particularly the games company Nintendo.

1990s

The 1990s saw advancements in game related technology. Among the significant advancements were:

• The widespread adoption of CD-based storage and software distribution
• Widespread adoption of GUI-based operating systems, such as the series of Microsoft Windows and Mac OS
• Advancement in 3D graphics technology, as 3D graphic cards became widely adopted, with 3D graphics now the de facto standard for video game visual presentation
• Continuing advancement of CPU speed and sophistication

2000s

Today, the video game industry is a juggernaut of development; profit still drives technological advancement which is then used by other industry sectors. Though maturing, the video game industry is still very volatile, with third-party video game developers quickly cropping up, and just as quickly, going out of business.

Marketing techniques used to attract audiences is reviews in gaming magazines, trailers on TV, adverts on social networking sites and also posters. These all tend to be successful methods.

An alternative method for publishing video games is to self-publish using the shareware or open source model over the Internet

She also noted that the cinema offers a pleasure it produces a fantasy in which the audience observes from a darkened auditorium. The illusion is created of being able to look in on a private world. The idea is quite easy to remember in terms of active being male and passive being female. It is, according to Mulvey’s theory, the male look which determines what we see on the screen much of the time (there would be institutional reasons for this, since the film industry would be largely male dominated). In other words, the interests, obsessions, fantasies and so on which we see on the screen will be those of the dominant males who more or less ‘run’ the whole society.

Critcisms of the theory include Feminist critic Gaylyn Studlar who contradicted Mulvey’s central thesis that the spectator is male and derives visual pleasure from a dominant, sadistic perspective other Feminist critics of Mulvey stated that classical Hollywood cinema reflected and shaped the “patriarchal order,” the perspective of her writing actually remained within that very heterosexual order.

Publishers.

Redwood Publishing

Reed Business publishing

Women’s magazines include popular titles that focus on fashion, family, and homemaking. Titles include InStyle, Better Homes and Gardens, and Parenting.

Men’s magazines include popular titles that focus on sports, fitness, and lifestyle. Titles include Sports Illustrated, XXL Magazine, and Maxim.

Entertainment and television magazines include popular titles about celebrities, news, and sports. Titles include People, Time, and US Weekly.

Travel magazines include popular titles about vacation destinations, world locations, and areas of the US. Titles include Travel + Leisure, Southern Living, and National Geographic.

Fashion magazines include popular titles about style, clothing, and fashion trends. Titles include InStyle, Cosmopolitan, and Marie Claire.

Techniques used to target specific audiences is make sure it appeals to everything they desire or are interested in. For example people interested in horses would typically read magazines such as Horse and Hound, young men interested in beautiful women, cars and new gadgets would read magazines such as Nuts, Older men would read more tasteful informative magazines such as Esquire and most women interested in achieving the perfect lifestyle would buy Cosmo or Glamour as that’s what these magazines offer.

The internet allows access to the majority of magazines 24/7 as they all have websites also many sites offer magazine subscription offers, therefore on the whole the internet has a postitve effect on the magazine industry.

The major recording companies worldwide are :

Universal music group – They own a music publisher, Universal Music Publishing Group, which became the world’s largest following the acquisition of BMG Music Publishing in May 2007. Vivendi’s headquarters are in Paris, France. The UMG global headquarters are located New York City. Other major offices are located in Universal City and Santa Monica, along with Universal Music Group Nashville in Nashville; in the UK the group has a number of offices in London and Romford.Vivendi Entertainment is a division of Universal Music Group Distribution. Artists include: Lady Gaga, Rihanna, Lil Wayne, Kayne West, The Killers and U2.

Sony music group - The company which evolved into Sony Music was founded in 1929 as the American Record Corporation (ARC) through the merger of several smaller record companies. Sony Corporation of America and Bertelsmann announced on August 5, 2008 that Sony agreed to acquire Bertelsmann’s 50% stake in Sony BMG. Sony completed its acquisition of Bertelsmann Music Group on October 1, 2008. The company, once again named Sony Music Entertainment Inc. (SME), became a wholly owned subsidiary of the Sony Corporation of America. Artists include : Beyonce, Calvin Harris, Bob Dylan, Micheal Jackson, Whitney Housten and Usher.

Warner music group – is the second largest business group and family of record labels in the recording industry, making it one of the big four record companies. The current incarnation of the company was formed in 2004 when it was spun off from Time Warner, and as a result, Time Warner no longer retains any ownership. Warner Music Group also has a music publishing arm called Warner/Chappell Music, which is currently one of the world’s largest music-publishing companies. Artists include: Paolo Nutini, Fleetwood Mac, Micheal Buble, Bee Gees & Frank Sinatra

EMI (Electric & Musical Industries Ltd.) – is a British music company. It is the fourth-largest business group and family of record labels in the recording industry, making it one of the “big four” record companies and a member of the RIAA. EMI Group also has a major publishing arm – EMI Music Publishing – based in New York City. The company was once a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index but is now wholly owned by Terra Firma Capital Partners. Artists include: Beatles, Blur, Coldplay, Queen and Snoop Dogg.

Certain techniques used to target specific audiences are by using certain websites for example an album such as The Greatest Driving Album This Year would be marketed on such websites as Autotrader and would be promoted on TV programmes such as TopGear. Cd’s and albums targeted at young people audiences would be promoted on channels such as MTV, E4 and on websites such as Facebook and twitter. Another example is older people when bands from their time realese an album they are usually promoted between ad breaks of programmes such as Emmerdale and Coronation Street as that typical age group watch the programme and listen to that genre/age of music.

The internet makes it easy to download music illegally. By just typing in the song you want to download it can come up instantly and free, therefore many people download music this way. By downloading illegally it means that the people behind the music do not get any money from it and therefore it has a negative effect on the industry. However legally downloaded music is much the same as buying a cd, yet it is easier and less hassle. On the whole as illegally downloading music is so popular currently the internet has a negative effect on music.

For my main task I continued with my print pathway which I did for my preliminary task. However, this time I chose to work alone as Nicole and I both felt that we wanted to do different ideas. For the main task our brief involved us to create a magazine front cover, a contents page and a double page spread for a music magazine. Again we had to use at last 4 original images and use desk top publishing and image manipulation, I therefore decided to used Photoshop again to create the pages as I have previous experience with it and am a lot more confident with it than I had been previously. This brief was a lot less specific than the preliminary task.This therefore gave me a wider variety to chose from and let me do something I had a interest in. I began to think of ideas and I wanted a variety of them so I have a wide and varied choice to choose from. I had three initial creative ideas. My first idea was a magazine for all genres of music and it would mainly feature popular music from the charts, it would be realsed monthly and the month I chose to do would have a main feature of V festival my target audience would be from around 18-25 and those with a interest in music and music festivals. The second of my ideas was a magazine to target the younger audience, it would be a mainly pop magazine and my double page spread would have been on a popular pop band or artist. The last of my three ideas was a magazine focusing on new music, it would be for people around 16 plus and the double page spread would be on interviews with around 4 bands and they would have a few questions asked and up and coming gigs. We presented these to the class and they then gave us feedback onto what idea they preferred and this helped me make my decision therefore I chose to go with my first creative idea as I felt this would be most original, I had a lot of images for it and I would enjoy this one the most. Therefore I then started my research into music magazines general festivals and V festival. I found this research on the internet using sites such as Wikipedia, V festival and Efestivals. After this I then went on to analyse magazine pages, I collected the magazine images from the internet. I analysed three magazines covers all three had distinctive features such as large images, mastheads being partially covered and on the pages there was a quite a bit of text as well as a large eye catching image these features help catch the audience’s eye and by the headline being covered it means that the magazine is well known and that it has dedicated fans. After this I then analysed three contents pages, the contents pages were a lot harder to find than the cover pages. Unfortunately I had two contents pages from the same magazine, however they were different additions. On all three pages they were very similar, they had images on, subtitles and a lot of text, the colours were bright and they used simple colour schemes of red, white and black which stand out to attract the reader’s attention and make it easy for them to flick to pages of interest. After the analyses of the contents and cover pages I then went onto analyse the double page spreads, these were again quite hard to find therefore one isn’t from a music based magazine. The double page spreads all featured large images and large headlines, this makes it easy for the reader to see what the article is about and the image captures the readers eye. The colours used are still plain but eye catching. By analysing the contents page, front cover and double page spread they helped me to understand how each feature works in a magazine and how to use it in the construction of my own magazine. After I completed all of my research I began the construction of my own magazine. I already had my original images from V festival, I then up loaded these onto my blog and then I had to decide which ones to use. I also had to think of a name for my magazine and what to feature and what stories to have in it. I then created my first front cover, I used Photoshop to create it. I selected the original image of the crowd with there arms up as I felt this was a typical festival image. As the background was quite dark with the eraser on Photoshop I got rid of the background and just left the people with there hands up in it. I then used the fill tool to colour in the remaining space, I then added some more text and a title. I used a outer glow on these to make them stand out more. The main feature on my page was V festival and I gave this a large title as I wanted it to attract the readers eye. However I still only was using one image and there wasn’t a lot of text on it. Lastly I added the bar code, price and issue number as these are common features among published magazines. Originally I was going to use this as my real cover however I wasn’t happy with the colours and due to my research I found that front covers always had a lot on them such as images and text but mine did not resemble that and I wasn’t overly happy with the yellow colour used as I felt it didn’t work on the page. However I went on to the construction of my contents page for this I used one main image as the background, I tried to just write on the image but due to there being a lot of colours on the page it was difficult to see it so therefore I selected where I wanted my text to go, filled it with a shade of yellow, then made the fill not so high and then put my text on the top of that with a outer glow which made it stand out. I added a the magazine title in to the top I made it the same colour as the one on my title page as I feel this made the pages look as though they are from the same magazine, I made the contents page title in a different colour to the magazine title to make it stand out. I wanted the colours to be quiet summery as the magazine would be published in September and it would be talking about  August which was a nice hot month. I tried to keep my magazine as real looking as possible by using common features such as issue number, date and the website address of the magazine. I had two images on this page as there were gaps which needed filling and  I felt as though they worked in the page quite well as they fitted into the colour scheme and made the page look busy yet organised. I then began work on my double page spread, I chose to write about V festival at Hylands Park on the Sunday. I found this hard to set out as  I wasn’t sure what to write and where to place everything. From my research I needed to have at least on large image and make the piece eye catching. I made the background black and then inserted a image of one of the bands stage set. Originally I was only going to use one image but I felt it didn’t work so  I then went on to insert some more images but I wasn’t sure on how to place or where to place the images, I therefore tried a number of different ways. I inserted 4 original images around the main page and then began writing the text. I decided to write the text in columns and wrote about the main bands and artists of the day. I used the V festival website and Efestivals website to help me write this, I also used YouTube to help me describe how the bands performed and if they did anything unusual as by using YouTube I could see the sets performed. As although I was there I didn’t see every act and I wanted to try and put as much detail as possible in to the piece. The original title for my text was to plain and I had to keep playing around with different fonts until I was happy with how it turned out they way I wanted and made the page a little more exciting as it was very plain. As I had time I then edited my front cover, I kept the same background of people with there hands up and then added some more photo’s along the bottom of the page. I then also added the title and some more text. I changed the fonts and sizes of them. I also added some text at the bottom, I selected the area I wanted the text in, filled it with red, the same red as the  V festival title is written in and then put the text in over the top. I tried to make sure the colours all worked with each other and the after I inserted the extra images and text the page looked a lot busier and I was happy with how it turned out I therefore used this as my final magazine front cover.

Evaluation of finished product

With my magazine on a whole I didn’t really change a lot as I changed items when I wasn’t happy with them and then moved them around or changed them until I was happy with them. The only thing which changed a lot was my magazine front cover. The original one I felt didn’t look right and I wasn’t happy with it at all, but I didn’t know what to do with it in order to change it. Therefore I went back to my research and looked at them and what I wrote about them. This helped me a great deal and enabled me to go on and change my front cover by adding various pictures and more text. I also changed the colours used as I felt the yellow was way to bright and I didn’t like the way the page looked. I changed this to a light blue/greyish colour and I felt this complemented the page a lot better than the original bright yellow. The bottom strip of text I added on I feel also gave the page a little more of a published magazine. Also the border surrounding the main title I feel worked better with the page and made the title stand out better. I felt that this front cover attracted a wide audience as it features many more articles with a wide variety of music opposed to the first front cover draft I made. I was a lot happier with my front cover, I felt with more text and the other images in there made it work and look a lot more like a real magazine opposed to the first draft I made. As I said before with the double page spread and contents page I played about with them till I was happy with them with the double page spread it took me a lot longer to compose than the other two pages as I didn’t really know what to do to make it look as though it was from a real magazine and what images to use and how to use them. However after moving the images and text around and also changing the font o the main title I felt happy with the way in which it turned out. Also the contents page I felt was quiet easy to make as there seemed to be a set layout/way in which to  do it as I found from my research. My contents page was I felt the easiest to compose.

Evaluation of product with regards to Audience and Institutions

In comparison to other magazine I believe my magazine would fit into the media institutions of magazines and into the sub genre of music. In the current market there is a gap for a magazine like this as there isn’t a magazine which really covers all genres of music in the England. The most popular magazine’s at the minute are those that focus on a specific genre or genres of music but never covers all genres. In order to get audience feedback I composed a questionnaire which consisted of 8 questions. I asked people in my class as they were my targeted age group and I wanted to see if they felt the same as to what I did about the magazine. I had a number of questions to ask my audience. When asked “Who do you feel is the targeted age group” every person who I asked said around 16/17 plus apart from one person who said 14 years plus. I was happy with what they said as I felt 16/17 is my target age group.  Some people said that the text was too small on the double page spread and that it can be hard to read. However on my blog in which they viewed it on it does appear to be rather small but when viewed on it’s own in photoshop it appeared easy and clear to read. The majority of people’s favourite part of the magazine were the pictures. I also like the pictures and feel they show people what it was like at the festival. On the whole I am very happy with how my magazine turned out, if time had allowed I still would of liked to see if I could improve my double page spread as I still feel as though something just isn’t quite right with it. I would also try and get a different colour scheme on it as I don’t think the black fits in with the summery look I was going for. I think it looks just a little to harsh  with the other pages. I am very happy that I changed my front cover as the first one I was not happy with at all, but now I really like the colour and pictures used on the front cover. I think they work really well, also the way in which the title is bordered makes it eye-catching. The contents page I also feel works well with the colours as they are all bright colours and the outer glow makes the words stand out.
Overall with my magazine I am very happy with how it turned out and think that it is a unique and original idea I chose to do it on.

Does my front cover look appealing and make you want to read the rest of the magazine?
Do you think the colours work well?

Who do you think my magazine appeals to?

Is the contents page easy to read?

What do you feel is the targeted age group?

Does the double page spread look as though it goes with the magazine and do you think it looks as though it could be published in a real magazine?

Can you read the text easily on the double page spread?

What do you dislike most about the pages?

What do you like most?

“I cannot praise Up enough. Words cannot do justice for how excellent the film is.”

“Another masterful work of art from Pixar, Up is an exciting, hilarious, and heartfelt adventure impeccably crafted and told with wit and depth”

“One of its best: touching, funny and graphically exciting”

“The colors and the detail in here are almost beyond description”

Production Budget

$175,000,000 (estimated)

Gross Profit

$723,012,552

Cast and Crew

Cast (in credits order)